Slav Petrov
Vice President, Research at Google DeepMind; co-leads Post-Training for Gemini
Ubudage Themes
Slav Petrov ni umushakashatsi wo muri Buligariya akaba n’Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri Google DeepMind, aho afatanya kuyobora Post-Training kuri Gemini, umushinga wa Google w’ururimi rufasha abantu (large language model). Afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) yakuye muri kaminuza ya University of California, Berkeley, kandi yigishije Statistical Natural Language Processing muri New York University.
Ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanda ku gutunganya ururimi kavukire n’imodoka nini z’ururimi, kandi ibikorwa bye byagize uruhare mu kwagura ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ururimi mu bicuruzwa bya Google birimo Search, Assistant, Translate na Cloud. Yabonye ibihembo byinshi by’Impapuro nziza (Best Paper Awards) mu nama zikomeye za NLP (ACL 2011, NAACL 2012, ACL 2016), ndetse ahabwa n’igihembo cy’imyaka 10 y’akamaro (Test-of-Time Award) muri ACL 2023, kandi ahabwa igihembo cya John Atanasoff mu 2014 n’Umukuru w’Igihugu cya Buligariya.
Ubuzima bw'amasomo n'ubw'umwuga
Urugendo rw'amasomo rwa Petrov rurambura mu bihugu bitatu kandi rugaragaza kamere mpuzamahanga y'umwuga we. Yarangije Diplom mu bijyanye n'Ubumenyi bwa Rudasanzwe (Computer Science) n'Ubucuruzi (Business Administration) muri Freie Universität Berlin, mbere yo gukomeza amasomo y'ikirenga (doctoral) mu bijyanye n'Ubumenyi bwa Rudasanzwe muri University of California, Berkeley. Nyuma yaho yize muri Duke University mu rwego rw'inzira ye y'amasomo yabanje. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugera mu mwaka wa 2016, yabaye Umwarimu wungirije (Adjunct Professor) muri New York University, aho yigishije Statistical Natural Language Processing — uwo mwanya wakorwaga mu gihe kimwe n'ibikorwa bye by'ubucuruzi mu murimo we muri Google, aho yinjiyemo mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2009.
Umwanya wa Google DeepMind
Muri Google DeepMind, Petrov afata umwanya wa Visi Perezida w'Ubushakashatsi (Vice President of Research) kandi ayobora hamwe Post-Training kuri Gemini, ikirango nyamukuru cy'ikigo mu buryo bw'icyitegererezo kinini cy'ururimi (large language model). Post-training ni intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry'ibitegererezo binini by'ururimi, ikubiyemo uburyo buhindura imyitwarire y'icyitegererezo, ubushobozi bwo gukurikiza amabwiriza, n'ubwumvikane (alignment) nyuma y'ubumenyi bw'ibanze (initial pretraining). Ikipe cye gikwirakwijwe ku isi hose, kigaragaza ingano n'ubukana bw'akazi bikubiyemo. Mbere y'uko Google DeepMind ishingwa, Petrov yayoboye ibikorwa by'ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye na NLP byagabanyirizwaga mu buryo butaziguye ibicuruzwa bya Google nka Search, Ads, Translate, Assistant, na Chrome.
Urutonde rw'ibikorwa yanditse (publication record) rwe rurambura imyaka irenga icumi kandi rurimo ingingo zitandukanye mu bijyanye no gutunganya ururimi bisanzwe (natural language processing), harimo guhindura imvugo mu zindi ndimi (machine translation), gutunganya amagambo (parsing), n'ibimenyetso bifasha gusobanura inkomoko (attribution) mu gukora ibisubizo by'ururimi bisanzwe. Ni umufatanyabikorwa mu mpapuro z'ingenzi zifitanye isano n'imishinga ya Google yo gukora ibitegererezo binini, harimo ibikorwa kuri PaLM, PaLM 2, Gemini, Gemini 1.5, na Gemma 2, ndetse n'ikigega cy'ibipimo (benchmark dataset) cya Natural Questions — umutungo ukoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi bwo gusubiza ibibazo.
Imfashanyo mu bushakashatsi no kumenyekana
Ibisohoka bya Petrov mu bushakashatsi birimo imfashanyo mu bijyanye no gutunganya imiterere y'amagambo (syntactic parsing), guhindura imvugo mu zindi ndimi (machine translation), no guteza imbere uburyo bwo gusuzuma (evaluation frameworks) mu gukora ibisubizo by'ururimi. Agace kamwe kagaragaye mu biherutse gukorwa gashingiye ku gupima attribution mu bitegererezo byo gukora ururimi bisanzwe — kugenzura niba ibisohoka by'icyitegererezo bishobora guhurizwa ku masoko ashobora kwemezwa, ikibazo cyiyongereye mu kamaro mu gihe ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho binini bikora ibisubizo by'ubwoko bw'ibitekerezo (large generative systems) ryiyongera. Iri shami ry'ubushakashatsi, ryasohotse muri Computational Linguistics mu 2023, rigaragaza inyungu nini yo gutuma ibisohoka by'ibitegererezo by'ururimi byizerwa kandi bisobanurwe neza.
Uretse ibihembo by'ibikorwa bye byanditse (paper awards) muri ACL na NAACL, Petrov yahawe Igihembo cy'imyaka 10 yo kwihangana (Test-of-Time Award) muri ACL 2023, kimushimira ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hashize imyaka icumi mbere bwaranzwe n'ingaruka ziramuka kandi zikomeza kugira agaciro mu rwego rw'ubumenyi. Uturere tw'ubushakashatsi bwe, nk'uko bigaragara mu gitabo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Google, rurimo Natural Language Processing, Machine Translation, Machine Intelligence, na General Science.
Amavu n'ibindi byagezweho
Petrov yabaye mu Buligariya, mu Budage, no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu buryo bungana hafi, kandi kuri ubu afatiye i Berlin. Mu byagezweho bye by'ubushobozi mu marushanwa hakiri kare harimo igihembo cy'Ubushikiranganji (World Championship) muri RoboCup 2004 — amarushanwa mpuzamahanga y'ubumenyi bw'ubwubatsi bw'ubwoko bw'ubwenge mu buhanga bw'imashini (robotics) — bikaba byabaye mbere y'umwuga we mu bushakashatsi bwa NLP. Yarangije Diplom muri Freie Universität Berlin, kandi igihe yamaze mu Budage gisa n'aho cyahaye umwuga we imipaka ibiri, aho Berlin ikomeza kuba aho afatiye n'ubwo ayoboye ubushakashatsi kuri imwe mu miryango y'ubumenyi bw'ubwenge (AI) ikomeye ku isi. Yagaragaje ko yihesha agaciro ku ikipe y'igihugu y'Umupira w'Amaguru yo muri Buligariya, cyane cyane mu mikino ihuza n'u Budage.