Tim Berners-Lee

Umushinga Solid n’ubwigenge bw’imibare

Uretse ibikorwa bye by’ibanze ku rubuga, Berners-Lee amaze igihe kinini mu kazi ke kherutse gukemura icyo abona nk’ikibazo cy’imbogamizi mu buryo imibare bwite ifatwa ku rubuga. Igisubizo cye kuri icyo kibazo ni porotokole Solid, urwego ngenderwaho rw’ikoranabuhanga rufunguye (open-source) yateye, akarusohora abinyujije mu Kigwi cy’Ubwenge bw’Ububiko bw’Ibisobanuro (Decentralized Information Group - DIG), yashinze muri MIT CSAIL. Solid itangiza ubushobozi butigeze kuboneka mu bisobanuro by’ifatizo by’urubuga rwa mbere, harimo kwinjira rimwe ku rwego rw’isi (global single sign-on), kugenzura uburenganzira ku buryo rusange, n’API y’imibare ituma porogaramu iyo ari yo yose ibika ikongera kuyisubiza imibare mu bubiko ubwo ari bwo bwose buhuza.

Uko Solid ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bishingiye ku byo Berners-Lee asobanura nka Data Wallets — ibikoresho byizewe kandi bihuje imikorere (interoperable) byo kubika, bigumana imibare y’umuntu mu buryo bwahujwe kandi bugengwa n’uwuyifite, aho kuba itatanye mu mbuga zifite nyirazo (proprietary). Impamvu ashyigikira iyi miterere ni uko gutatanya imibare bigabanya agaciro kayo koko: iyo inyandiko z’ubuzima, amateka y’imari, n’imyitwarire y’imibereho by’umuntu bitandukanijwe mu serivisi zitandukanye, ihuza riri hagati y’utwo turongo ntiboneka. Mu buryo abivuga, kubihuza mu mwanya umwe ugenzurwa ni bwo haboneka ubumenyi bufatika.

AI, Uburyo bwo Gukora Ubucuruzi bw’Urubuga, na Charlie

Berners-Lee yagiye abigiramo uruhare ku buryo bukomeye mu kibazo cy’uko AI ikora ibintu (generative AI) ihura n’imishinga y’ubukungu y’urubuga. Mu ijambo yagejeje ku FT Future of AI Summit mu Gushyingo 2025, yagaragaje impungenge z’uko uko imideli minini y’ururimi (large language models) igenda ihuriza kandi igatanga amakuru ku buryo butaziguye ku bakoresha, abantu bake bazajya basura imbuga zishinga ayo makuru. Kubera ko imiterere nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi ku rubuga ishingira ku kureba kw’abantu (human eyeballs) kugira ngo habe amafaranga y’ubushakashatsi (advertising revenue), isi aho abahuza ba AI banywa amakuru mu izina ry’abakoresha aho kuberekeza ku masoko, ikora ikibazo cy’imiterere, mu magambo ye, gisaba “gusimburwa n’ikindi.”

Yagaragaje kandi ko uburyo busanzwe bushingiye ku matangazo (ad-based model) bufite n’ibiciro byabwo. Kwamamaza kurushaho guhitamo neza (highly targeted advertising) bishobora gutuma abakoresha bumva ko barindirwa (surveilled), kandi bamwe bamaze kunanirwa kubikomeza. Uburangare bwazanywe na AI, nubwo butera kudahungabana, butanga umwanya wo kongera gutekereza kuri ayo masezerano. Umushinga we bwite, Inrupt, urimo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya AI biganira byitwa Charlie, bikuramo imibare bwite y’umukoresha ibikwa muri Data wallet ihuje na Solid, bigatanga ibisubizo byihariye, mu gihe biha abakoresha uburenganzira bugaragara bwo guhitamo serivisi zishobora kugera kuri iyo mibare. Ubu buryo bugaragaza filozofiya ihoraho yo gutegura: AI ikoresha imibare bwite yuzuye irashobora kuba ingirakamaro kurushaho, ariko gusa iyo umuntu imibare ye ari yo agumana ububasha bufatika (meaningful agency).

Ibi ni ibya bose: Igitabo cy’ubuzima (Memoir) n’ubuvugizi bukomeje

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2025, Berners-Lee yasohoye igitabo cy’ubuzima bwanditswe mu buryo bwa memoir yise This Is for Everyone, interuro yatanze ubwa mbere mu Iserukiramuco ryo gufungura (Opening Ceremony) ry’imikino Olempike ya London yo mu 2012. Iryo zina rigaragaza ihame yagiye asubiramo kenshi nk’icyo urubuga rubeshwaho mu buryo bwo kurukangura — urubuga ruboneka ku bantu bose kugira ngo ubumenyi n’ubuhanga bikorwe, aho kuba ari ibikorwa remezo byateguwe ngo bikurweho inyungu z’ubucuruzi cyangwa ngo imbaraga ziteranyirizwe ahantu hamwe. Igitabo kivuga uko urubuga rwateye imbere, harimo n’uburyo rwagiye rutandukira n’icyo cyari kigamijwe kuva ku ntangiriro, kandi rirasaba inzira yo kugarura imiterere yarwo irushijeho kuba iy’abaturage (democratic).

Ibitekerezo bye rusange mu gihe cy’iyo myaka byagarutse kenshi ku nsanganyamatsiko y’uko ibibazo by’urubuga — kwiyegeranya kw’imbuga (platform concentration), ikoreshwa nabi kw’imibare, n’uko ubukungu bwishingiye ku matangazo bugenda busenyuka kubera igitutu cya AI — ari ibibazo by’imiterere yo gutegura (design problems) kurusha kuba ari ibibazo by’amategeko gusa. Porotokole Solid n’akazi ka Inrupt bihagarariye uburyo abona ko ari bwo bwiza bwo gusubiza: amahame y’ikoranabuhanga ahindura imiterere y’ishoramari n’ingengabitekerezo ituma ibintu bikomeza, aho kwishingira gusa ku kwivuguruza mu rwego rw’amategeko. Waba ari mu kazi ka siyansi muri MIT na Oxford, mu iterambere ry’amahame muri W3C, cyangwa mu kwiyongera kw’ubucuruzi binyuze muri Inrupt, iyo nsanganyamatsiko yo kuvuga uko ibintu bikora ku rubuga yabaye ihoraho mu myaka irenga mirongo itatu y’ubwitange bwo gusobanukirwa uko urubuga rukora koko.