MIT Quest for Intelligence
Type Laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika 2018 Abantu 201 gushika ku 1.000 
Themes
Igikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi MIT Siegel Family Quest for Intelligence ni gahunda yo gukora ubushakashatsi muri Massachusetts Institute of Technology igamije gusobanukirwa ubwenge—haba ubwenge bw’ibinyabuzima n’ubw’ubukorikore. Yashingiwe mu mwaka wa 2018, ishyigikira imirimo ihuza inzego zitandukanye mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’imitsi (neuroscience), kwiga imashini (machine learning), robotike, n’ubumenyi bw’ubwenge (cognitive science), ikubaka ku umurage wa MIT’s Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines (CBMM). Iri tsinda rikora urubuga n’ibikoresho, nka sisitemu yo kugereranya ubushobozi bwa Brain-Score n’Urwego rw’Ubushakashatsi bw’Ubwenge (Intelligence Observatory), kugira ngo ruteze imbere ubushakashatsi mu byiciro nk’ubwenge bushingiye ku bikorwa by’umubiri (embodied intelligence), gutunganya ururimi, no guhangana n’ubunini bw’AI.
Itangwa inkunga n’Ikigega Siegel Family Endowment na National Science Foundation, Quest ikorana n’ishuri rya MIT’s Schwarzman College of Computing n’izindi gahunda z’ubushakashatsi zo muri kaminuza. Umurimo wayo ugenewe abashakashatsi, abajenjeri, n’abahanga b’ubumenyi bashakisha imizi y’ubwenge, harimo n’ibikorwa bikomeye byatanze ubumenyi nk’udushushanyo ngengabitekerezo (algorithms) two gutegura imirimo ya robot, n’uburyo bwo kubara ibitekerezo mu buryo bw’amahirwe (probabilistic inference). Iri tsinda rikorera i Cambridge, muri Massachusetts, rikaba ikigo gihuza ubushakashatsi bw’imyumvire n’ubukorikore mu bijyanye na AI n’ubumenyi bw’imitsi.
Ubumenyi bw’Ubwenge
Igikorwa cya MIT Siegel Family Quest for Intelligence gikora ku ihuriro ry’ubumenyi bw’imitsi (neuroscience) n’ubwenge bwakozwe n’abantu (artificial intelligence). Umurimo wacyo uharanira gusubiza ikibazo cy’ingenzi: ubwenge bushingira ku buryo bwo gutera imbere mu binyabuzima, kandi se bishobora kwigana mu mashini?
Iki gikorwa gishingiye ku mateka ya MIT yo guhuza ubwenge bw’abantu n’ubwenge bw’imashini. Inkomoko yacyo igaruka ku Kigo gishinzwe Ubwonko, Ubugenge, n’Imashini (Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines), ari igikorwa cy’abantu baturutse mu bigo byinshi bitandukanye, cyatewe inkunga n’Ishami ry’Igihugu ry’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi (National Science Foundation). Iyo nkunga yatumye Quest ishobora kwagura ibikorwa byayo, ikinjiza ibikoresho bishya n’inzira nshya z’ubushakashatsi.
Imirimo y’Ubushakashatsi n’Ibikoresho
Quest itegura imirimo yayo ishingiye ku “Missions” z’igihe kirekire, buri imwe ikibanda ku rwego runaka rw’ubwenge. Izo Missions zihuza amakipe atandukanye y’inzego kugira ngo akemure ibibazo shingiro aho AI iriho itaragera.
Mission imwe, Perceptual Intelligence, igamije kurema ibigereranyo by’ubwenge bw’imashini bishobora gukorwa n’imashini (machine-executable) byerekana uko abantu babona. Abashakashatsi bahuza ibitekerezo bishingiye ku mibare, ku bwenge, no ku mitsi kugira ngo bateze imbere uburyo bushobora gusobanura amakuru y’iyerekwa nk’uko abantu babigenza. Indi Mission, Language and Thought, irasesengura uko ururimi rushobora guhindura ubwenge bw’abantu n’uko sisitemu za AI zishobora kugera ku bworoshye bungana mu gusobanura no kubyara ururimi.
Mission ya gatatu, The Development of Intelligent Minds, isuzuma uko abana bigira ibitekerezo bigoye bishingiye ku ngero nke. Intego ni ugushaka kubaka sisitemu za AI zishobora kwiga buhoro buhoro, zitangirira ku bumenyi bw’ibanze zigenda zikura mu gusobanukirwa uko igihe gihita.
Kugira ngo izo Missions zibashe kugerwaho, Quest itegura “Platforms”—sisitemu za software zifasha kugereranya no kugerageza. Kurugero, urubuga rwa Brain-Score rutuma abashakashatsi bagereranya ibigereranyo bya AI n’amakuru y’imitsi n’ayo mu myitwarire y’abantu. Rundi rwego rw’ibikoresho, Intelligence Observatory, rurimo gutegurwa kugira ngo rukurikirane uko ubushakashatsi bwa AI bugenda butera imbere kandi rushakishe inzira nshya zigaragara.
Ubuinjeniyeri buhuye n’Ubumenyi bw’Imitsi
Ubushakashatsi bwa Quest akenshi butanga ibisubizo bifatika. Umushinga umwe wateje imbere algorithm yo kwigira ku makuru (machine-learning) yo gutegura imirimo y’imashini (robotic task planning). Iyo algorithm isuzuma ibisubizo byinshi bishoboka mu buryo buhuje (parallel), ikabikosora kugira ngo bihuze n’ibipimo by’umubiri n’ibidukikije. Ubu buryo butuma za robo “zitekereza mbere,” bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo igoye.
Ubundi bushakashatsi bwasanze uko ubwonko butandukanya hagati ya “ibintu” n’“ibintu bidafite kubarika” (stuff). Abashakashatsi babonye ko uturere tumwe na tumwe two mu bwonko dukora ku buryo butandukanye ku bintu bibarika (nk’imbuto z’inyanya/amaaporo) ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bidabarika (nk’amazi). Icyo gitekerezo gishobora gufasha mu gutegura sisitemu za AI zisobanura neza kandi zikabana neza n’isi y’umubiri.
Quest kandi ikorana n’ishuri rya MIT Schwarzman College of Computing. Ubufatanye bugakomeza imikoranire hagati y’ubushakashatsi bwa AI n’izindi nzego z’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa, bigatuma iterambere mu bushakashatsi bw’ubwenge rihuzwa mu buinjeniyeri no mu bumenyi bukoreshwa.
Inkunga n’inzira z’igihe kizaza
Quest ifashijwe n’inkunga y’Ikigega cya Siegel Family Endowment n’Ishami ry’Igihugu ry’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi (National Science Foundation). Impano iherutse gutangwa ikomeye na Siegel Family Endowment yatumye iki gikorwa gishobora kwagura ubushakashatsi n’ibikorwa byacyo, bigatuma gihindura izina riba MIT Siegel Family Quest for Intelligence.
Iyo nkunga yatumye Quest itangiza imishinga mishya kandi ikongera abashakashatsi. Yanashyigikiye iterambere ry’ibikoresho nka Intelligence Observatory, igamije gutanga ishusho yuzuye y’uko AI n’ubumenyi bw’imitsi bigenda bitera imbere.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, Quest irateganya gukomeza kwinjiza ibikorwa byayo mu yindi gahunda za MIT. Inama yayo ibera buri myaka ibiri (biennial conference), Matter of Minds, ihuza abashakashatsi baturutse mu kigo hose no hanze yacyo kugira ngo basangire ibyo babonye kandi basuzume ibitekerezo bishya. Ibi birori byerekana intego nini ya Quest: guteza imbere ubufatanye buhuza icyuho kiri hagati y’ubwenge bw’ibinyabuzima n’ubwenge bwakozwe n’abantu.
Umurimo w’iki gikorwa ukomeje gushingira ku kwizera kw’ingenzi. Iterambere rishobora guhindura byinshi muri AI ntirishobora gusaba gusa kurenga imipaka y’inzego, ahubwo bisaba kubihuza burundu. Mu guhuza ibitekerezo biva mu bumenyi bw’imitsi, mu buinjeniyeri, no mu bumenyi bw’ubwenge bw’abantu, Quest igamije gufungura amahirwe mashya ku buryo bwo gukora sisitemu zifite ubwenge.