Brad Smith
Vice Chair and President at Microsoft Corporation
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Themes
Brad Smith ni Umuyobozi wungirije akaba n’Umuyobozi mukuru wa Microsoft Corporation, aho ahagarariye iyo sosiyete ku bibazo biri ku ihuriro rya tekinoloji n’imibereho y’abantu, birimo ubwenge bwakozwe n’abantu (artificial intelligence), umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga (cybersecurity), ubwirinzi bw’ibanga (privacy), kurengera ibidukikije (environmental sustainability), uburenganzira bwa muntu (human rights), n’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga (digital safety). Agenzura itsinda ry’abantu bagera kuri 2.000 mu bihugu 54, kandi mbere yaho yari Umujyanama Mukuru mu by’amategeko (General Counsel) wa Microsoft nyuma yo kwinjira muri iyo sosiyete mu 1993.
Smith afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya mbere (bachelor’s degree) yakuye muri Princeton University, impamyabumenyi y’ubunyamategeko (J.D.) yakuye muri Columbia University Law School, kandi yize amategeko mpuzamahanga n’ubukungu (international law and economics) muri Graduate Institute i Geneva. Ni umwanditsi wifatanyije mu gitabo “Tools and Weapons: The Promise and the Peril of the Digital Age” kandi akakirira podcast yitwa uko kwa nyene, kandi akorera mu nama z’ubuyobozi (boards) za Netflix na Princeton University, n’izindi nzego zitandukanye.
Gukorera ku Mwanya w’Inshingano: Icyerekezo cya Brad Smith ku Ikoranabuhanga n’Umuryango
Uhereye ku Musingi w’Amategeko kugera ku Buyobozi bwa Politiki ku Isi
Umwuga wa Smith watangiriye mu mategeko, aho yubatse izina ryo gukemura ibibazo bigoye by’amategeko ngengamikorere na politiki. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Microsoft mu 1993, yakoraga nk’umufatanyabikorwa hanyuma aba umufatanyabikorwa w’akazi (partner) muri Covington & Burling, aho yamenyekanyeho kwinjiza hakiri kare ikoranabuhanga mu bikorwa by’amategeko—ikimenyetso cy’uko yari afite uburyo bwo gutekereza imbere. Icyo gihe yagiye muri Microsoft cyabaye intangiriro y’urugendo rw’imyaka igera kuri mirongo itatu mu nzego z’amategeko n’iz’ubucuruzi z’iyo sosiyete, bikarangira ashyizweho kuba Umujyanama Mukuru mu by’Amategeko (General Counsel) mu 2002. Mu gihe yari muri iyo nshingano, Smith yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura amakimbirane akomeye yo kurwanya guhangana mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko (antitrust) hagati ya guverinoma ku isi, mu gihe inganda z’ikoranabuhanga zari zicunzwe cyane.
Ubuyobozi bwe bwarenze kubahiriza amategeko gusa, bugakubiyemo no kurengera uburenganzira bwo kwihesha umutekano w’ibanga (privacy) n’uburinzi bw’abimukira. Uruhare rwa Smith mu manza arengera uburenganzira bw’abitwa DREAMers n’abandi bimukira rwerekanye ko yizera gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nk’imbaraga z’imibereho myiza ku bantu. Icyo kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu byagiye bikomeza kuba urufatiro rw’umurimo we, bigatuma politiki za Microsoft n’imvugo rusange ku bibazo nk’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori buboneye ku ndangagaciro (ethical AI) bihuzwa n’iyo ntego.
Guteza imbere Ubwenge bw’Ubukorikori buboneye ku Ndangagaciro n’Inshingano z’Ikoranabuhanga
Nk’umuntu ugaragara ku mugaragaro wa Microsoft ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga n’umuryango, Smith yagize uruhare runini mu gusobanura amahame y’iyo sosiyete ku iterambere ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori rishingiye ku nshingano. Ingingo ye yo mu 2023 ku Mushinga w’Ubwenge bw’Ubukorikori (AI Access Principles) yasobanuye ibyo Microsoft yiyemeje mu guteza imbere udushya no kwemeza ko habaho guhangana mu buryo buboneye n’uburinganire mu bukungu bw’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori. Uwo murimo uhuza n’ibikorwa bigari byo guhangana n’ibibazo nk’uko deepfake ikoreshwa nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’amatora, aho Smith yagaragaje ko hakenewe ingamba zihurijwe hamwe hagati y’amasosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga n’abashinzwe politiki.
Ibitekerezo bya Smith bishingiye kandi ku gitabo cye cyo mu 2019, Tools and Weapons: The Promise and the Peril of the Digital Age, yanditswe afatanyije na Carol Ann Browne. Icyo gitabo n’ikiganiro giherekeza (podcast) bifasha kuba urubuga rwo kuganira ku miterere ibiri ibiri y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga—ryaba rishobora kuba ryiza cyangwa rishobora guteza akaga—bihamagarira urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga na za guverinoma gufata ingamba ziteganyijwe zo kugabanya ingaruka. Ibimenyetso yatanze imbere ya Kongere y’Amerika n’ibindi bigo mpuzamahanga byongera kwemeza uruhare rwe nk’intumwa y’urwego rw’amasosiyete, ihuza icyifuzo cy’ubucuruzi n’ibyo umuryango ukeneye.
Ingaruka ku Isi n’Icyerekezo kizaza
Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Smith, Microsoft yongereye ishoramari ryayo mu bikorwa remezo by’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori (AI) no mu guteza imbere ubumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu bice byinshi by’isi. Ingero ziheruka zirimo ibyo yiyemeje bihwanye n’amafaranga menshi cyane mu Bwongereza, muri Kanada, no mu UAE kugira ngo bikomeze ubushobozi bwa AI, hiyongeraho gahunda nka Microsoft Elevate Washington, igamije gutanga ibikoresho bya AI ku banyeshuri n’abigisha. Ibyo bikorwa bigaragaza ingamba z’agutse zo guha abantu benshi amahirwe yo kubona ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe hakemurwa n’ibitandukanye mu kwitegura mu by’ikoranabuhanga.
Uretse Microsoft, ingaruka za Smith zigaragara no mu kuba mu nama z’ubuyobozi (board memberships), harimo Netflix na Princeton University, aho afasha mu micungire no mu kugenzura ingamba. Umurimo we ukomeje gushimangira akamaro ko guhuza imbaraga hagati ya urwego rwa leta n’urw’amasosiyete yigenga, kugira ngo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwe mu buryo buboneye kandi riheshe akamaro abaturage ku isi hose.